Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Regulation of extracellular matrix metabolism by AdHy@Pae in LPS-induced chondrocytes. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images showing the expression of COL2A1, SOX9, MMP9, and ADAMTS5 in different treatment groups and corresponding (B) quantitative analysis. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3, ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies were COL2A1 (HUABIO, HA722733, 1:1000), SOX9 (Proteintech, 68350-1-Ig, 1:500), MMP3 (Servicebio, GB11132, 1:500), and ADAMTS1 (Affinity, DF13268, 1:100); sections were incubated with HRP-conjugated polymer secondary antibodies (Affinity, S0001), developed with DAB (Servicebio, G1212), and counterstained with hematoxylin.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression analysis of cartilage-related proteins after treatment with AdHy@Pae. (A) Representative Western blot images showing ECM synthesis–related proteins (COL2A1, ACAN, COMP, and SOX9) and antioxidant markers (NRF2 and HO-1) in different groups. (B) Quantitative analysis of matrix-degrading enzymes (MMP13, ADAMTS5, ADAMTS1) and apoptosis-related proteins (BCL-2, Bax, and Caspase-3). Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies were COL2A1 (HUABIO, HA722733, 1:1000), SOX9 (Proteintech, 68350-1-Ig, 1:500), MMP3 (Servicebio, GB11132, 1:500), and ADAMTS1 (Affinity, DF13268, 1:100); sections were incubated with HRP-conjugated polymer secondary antibodies (Affinity, S0001), developed with DAB (Servicebio, G1212), and counterstained with hematoxylin.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: A dual-functional hydrogel integrating adhesive and lubricating interfaces for mitochondrial protection–Driven cartilage regeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.02.051

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo validation of the chondroprotective and mitochondrial regulatory effects of AdHy@Pae after therapy for 4 weeks. (A) Representative immunohistochemical staining of cartilage sections for COL2A1, SOX9, MMP3, and ADAMTS1 in different groups (Sham, PBS, Hy, AdHy, and AdHy@Pae). (B) Quantitative analysis of the immunohistochemical staining intensity showing relative expression levels of anabolic (COL2A1, SOX9) and catabolic (MMP3, ADAMTS1) markers. (C) TEM images of chondrocytes showing mitochondrial ultrastructure in each group, with high-magnification views (bottom panels) indicating cristae integrity and membrane morphology. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3); ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies were COL2A1 (HUABIO, HA722733, 1:1000), SOX9 (Proteintech, 68350-1-Ig, 1:500), MMP3 (Servicebio, GB11132, 1:500), and ADAMTS1 (Affinity, DF13268, 1:100); sections were incubated with HRP-conjugated polymer secondary antibodies (Affinity, S0001), developed with DAB (Servicebio, G1212), and counterstained with hematoxylin.

Techniques: In Vivo, Biomarker Discovery, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Membrane

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: Role of miR-101a in targeting Cox-2 to attenuate chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and osteoarthritis progression

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101839

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of miR-101a on chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells. (A) Representative pictures of Alcian blue staining of ATDC5 cells after transfected with miR101a mimic and inhibitor. Magnification, 100×. (B, C) Representative pictures of Alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining of ATDC5 cells after being transfected with miR-101a mimic and inhibitor. Magnification, 200×. (D, E) Reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis was utilized to evaluate the mRNA expression of Runx2 and Sox-9 in MCT and ATDC5 cells following miR-101a interference. (F) The protein levels of RUNX2 and SOX-9 were assessed by western blotting.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies included COL10A1 (ab182563, Abcam, Massachusetts, USA), COX-2 (D223097, Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), MMP13 (ab51072, Abcam, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA), RUNX2 (#12556, CST, USA), and SOX9 (#82630, CST, USA), which were prepared with primary antibody dilution (Yeasen Biotechnology, China). β-ACTIN was used as an internal control.

Techniques: Staining, Transfection, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Western Blot

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular assessment of tendon repair and systemic biosafety. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images of inflammatory, matrix-degrading, tenogenic, and senescence markers, alongside macrophage phenotypes in repaired tendons. (B) Correlation analysis integrating molecular and functional recovery. Bar charts (left Y-axis) display the relative fluorescence intensity of the indicated markers, overlaid with line graphs (right Y-axis) showing the fold change in biomechanical properties (Ultimate Load and Tensile Modulus). Note the inverse correlation between SASP factors (IL-6, MMP13, P16) and mechanical strength. (C) Western blot analysis of the STING pathway, senescence indicators, and heterotopic ossification markers (OCN, SOX9, BMP-2). (D, E) Systemic biosafety evaluation via H&E staining of major organs (D) and blood biochemistry analysis (E) showing no toxicity. Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: After blocking for 1 h, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against STING (13647, CST, USA; A21051, Abclonal, China), p-STING (72971, CST, USA; AF7416, Affinity, China), IRF3 (ab68481, Abcam, UK), p-IRF3 (29047, CST, USA), P65 (A22331, Abclonal, China; 8242, CST, USA), p-P65 (AP0124, Abclonal, China), P53 (10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), SOX9 (sc-166505, Santa Cruz, USA), BMP-2 (ab284387, abcam, USA), OCN (sc-390877, Santa Cruz, USA), and iNOS (ab178945, Abcam, USA).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Functional Assay, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Staining